Geert Hofstede Framework of Five Dimensions of Culture’s Possible Pitfalls, Limitations and Proposed Solutions

Summary

1. Power Distance


2. Individualism / Collectivism


3. Masculinity / Femininity


4. Uncertainty Avoidance


5. Long-term / Short-term Orientation

Possible Pitfalls

1. Femininity is associated with interpersonal care of other members in the group / society. It’s not the feminine characteristics.


2. Long-term Orientation is about building long-term relationships, building trust before establishing business partnership. The orientation is not strategic planning.


3. Use it to strengthen stereotypes.

Limitations

1. The survey was conducted in IBM’s global offices. Possible confusion: was it perceived by IBM employees as a measurement of global culture or a measurement of respective IBM offices’ culture?


2. The initial survey results was released in 1970s. Things have changed dramatically.
   
   
   
   1. Example: Singapore scored lowest (8) in Uncertainty Avoidance. In 1970s, they were going through reformations in order to grow their economy and defend against potentials threats so risks were being taken. 30 years later, Singapore has been known for its strict legal system and the tendency to avoid taking unnecessary risks. Therefore, its result needs to be reassessed.
   
   
   2. The same case happens for many cultures.
   
   
   
   

Proposed Solutions

1. Use it as a framework, avoid categorizing


2. Re-evaluate at least once per decade

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